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, also known as , was the 35th〔Imperial Household Agency (''Kunaichō''): (皇極(こうぎょく)天皇 (35) ) and (齊明(さいめい)天皇 (37) )〕 and 37th monarch of Japan,〔Kunaichō: ( 斉明天皇 (37) )〕 according to the traditional order of succession.〔Ponsonby-Fane, Richard. (1959). ''The Imperial House of Japan,'' pp. 49, 51.〕 Kōgyoku's reign spanned the years from 642–645. Her reign as Saimei encompassed 655–661. In other words, * 642: She ascended the throne as Kōgyoku''-tennō'', and she stepped down in response to the assassination of Soga no Iruka (see: Isshi Incident). * 645: She abdicated in favor of her brother, who would become known as Emperor Kōtoku * 654: Kōtoku died; and the throne was vacant. * 655: She re-ascended, beginning a new reign as Saimei''-tennō''. * 661: Saimei ruled until her death caused the throne to be vacant again. The two reigns of this one woman spanned the years from 642 through 661.〔Brown, Delmer et al. (1979). ''Gokanshō,'' p. 265-267; Varley, H. Paul. (1980). ''Jinnō Shōtōki.'' p. 130-134; Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). 〕 In the history of Japan, Kōgyoku/Saimei was the second of eight women to take on the role of empress regnant. The sole female monarch before Kōgyoku/Saimei was (a) Suiko''-tennō''. The six women sovereigns reigning after Kōgyoku/Saimei were (b) Jitō, (c) Gemmei, (d) Genshō, (e) Kōken/Shōtoku, (f) Meishō, and (g) Go-Sakuramachi. ==Traditional narrative== Before her ascension to the Chrysanthemum Throne, her personal name (''imina'')〔Brown, pp. 264; prior to Emperor Jomei, the personal names of the emperors (''imina'') were very long and people did not generally use them; however, the number of characters in each name diminished after Jomei's reign.〕 was .〔Ponsonby-Fane, p. 8.〕 As empress, her name would have been ''Ametoyo Takara Ikashi Hitarashi hime.〔Ashton, William. (2005). ''Nihongi,'' p. 171; Ponsonby-Fane, p. 8.〕 Princess Takara (''Takara no miko'') was a great-granddaughter of Emperor Bidatsu.〔Brown, p. 265.〕 She became the wife and Empress consort of her uncle Emperor Jomei. The Imperial marriage produced three children: * Prince Naka no Ōe (Emperor Tenji) * Prince Ōama (Emperor Temmu) * Princess Hashihito (Empress consort of Emperor Kōtoku) 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Empress Kōgyoku」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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